Impembelelo kuRhwebo lweTinplate lwaMazwe ngaMazwe oluvela kwiMfazwe yoRhwebo phakathi kwe-USA neTshayina

▶ Ukusukela ngo-2018 kwaye iya iqina nge-26 ka-Epreli 2025, iMfazwe yoRhafu yoRhwebo phakathi kwe-USA ne-China ibe neziphumo ezinzulu kurhwebo lwehlabathi, ngakumbi kwishishini le-tinplate.

▶ Njengeshiti lentsimbi eliqatywe ngetoti elisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiitoti, iTinplate iye yabanjwa kungquzulwano lweerhafu kunye nemilinganiselo yokuziphindezela.

▶ Apha sithetha ngempembelelo kurhwebo lwe-tinplate yamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye siza kugxila kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia, ngokusekelwe kuphuhliso lwamva nje lwezoqoqosho kunye nedatha yorhwebo.

Imvelaphi ngeMfazwe yoRhwebo

Imfazwe yokurhweba yaqalwa nge-US ibeka imirhumo kwiimpahla zaseTshayina, ethetha ngezenzo zorhwebo ezingalunganga kunye nobusela bepropathi yokuqonda.

Ngo-2025, ulawulo lukaMongameli uDonald Trump luye lwanyusa amaxabiso, lwaya kuthi ga kwi-145% kwixabiso lempahla yaseTshayina.

I-China iphinde yaziphindezela ngemirhumo yokungeniswa kwe-USA, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwehleni kakhulu urhwebo phakathi kwabo, kwaye ibalelwa kwi-3% yorhwebo lwehlabathi lwase-US - i-China eyanda imfazwe yorhwebo;

Oku kunyuka kuphazamise amakhonkco obonelelo kwihlabathi, kuchaphazela amashishini afana ne-tinplate.

IiRhafu zase-USA kwiTinplate yaseTshayina

Sijongana nokupakishwa, ngoko ke sigxile kwi-tinplate, iSebe lezoRhwebo lase-US lamisela imisebenzi yokulwa nokulahla imveliso yenkcenkce evela e-China, elona zinga liphezulu kwi-122.5% ekuthengisweni ngaphandle, kubandakanywa nomvelisi omkhulu u-Baoshan Iron kunye ne-Steel US ukumisela imirhumo kwi-tin mill steel evela eKhanada, e-China, eJamani.

Oku kuqale ukusebenza ukususela ngo-Agasti ka-2023, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqhubeke ukuya ku-2025.

Impendulo yaseTshayina yokuziphindezela

Impendulo yaseTshayina iquke ukonyuka kwamaxabiso kwimpahla yase-US, umlinganiselo ofikelela kwi-125% ngo-Epreli wama-2025, ebonisa ukuba kukho isiphelo esinokubakho kumanyathelo e-tit-for-tat.

I-China ibethe i-125% yeerhafu kwiimpahla zase-US kurhwebo lwamva nje lwase-US-China.

Oku kuziphindezela kuye kwacinezela ngakumbi urhwebo phakathi kwabo, kunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-US ukuya e-China kwaye kuya kuchaphazela urhwebo lwehlabathi lwe-tinplate dynamics, kwaye zombini i-China ne-United States kuya kufuneka zilungelelanise iindleko eziphezulu kwaye zifune amaqabane amatsha kwezinye iindawo kunye namazwe.

Impembelelo kuRhwebo lweTinplate lwaMazwe ngaMazwe

Imfazwe yokurhweba ikhokelele ekuhlengahlengisweni kokuhamba korhwebo lwe-tinplate.

Ngokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweTshayina e-US kuthintelekile, eminye imimandla, kubandakanya i-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, ibone amathuba okutshintsha.

Imfazwe yokurhweba ikwabangele abavelisi behlabathi ukuba batshintshe amakhonkco okubonelela: Amazwe afana neVietnam neMalaysia aya kutsala utyalo-mali kwimveliso, kwaye sigxile kwimveliso ye-tinplate.

Ngoba? xa iindleko ziphakama, ukuhanjiswa okanye ukufuduka kwee-capitals kuya kulungiselela iziseko zayo zokuvelisa kwindawo entsha, kwaye i-mpuma ye-Asia iya kuba yinto efanelekileyo yokukhetha, apho iindleko zabasebenzi ziphantsi, i-traffic elula, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokurhweba.

Emazantsi-mpuma eAsia: Amathuba kunye nemingeni

I-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia ithathwa njengommandla obalulekileyo kumhlaba worhwebo we-tinplate.

Amazwe afana neVietnam, iMalaysia, neThailand aye axhamla kwimfazwe yorhwebo.

Njengoko abavelisi betshintsha kwaye baphinde babuyisele iindawo zezityalo ukuphepha iirhafu zase-US kwiimpahla zaseTshayina.

Umzekelo, iVietnam ibone ukwanda kwemveliso, kunye neenkampani zetekhnoloji ezihambayo apho, ziya kwenza impembelelo kumashishini anxulumene ne-tinplate.

Ukuveliswa kweVietnam kubanjwe kwimfazwe yorhwebo yase-US-China. IMalaysia ikwabone ukukhula kokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-semiconductor, enokuxhasa ngokungathanga ngqo imfuno ye-tinplate yokupakisha imfazwe yorhwebo yase-China-United States.
Nangona kunjalo, imingeni isahamba nayo.

I-US imisele imirhumo kwiimpahla ezahlukeneyo ze-Southeast Asia, ezifana neepaneli zelanga, ezinemilinganiselo ukuya kwi-3,521% kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezivela e-Cambodia, eThailand, eMalaysia, nase-Vietnam. xa usiza kwilanga, lo mkhwa ucebisa isimo sokukhusela esibanzi esinokunabela kwi-tinplate ukuba ukuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ukuya e-US kwanda. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia ijongene nomngcipheko wokukhukula kwempahla yaseTshayina, njengoko i-China ifuna ukuhlawula ilahleko yemarike yase-US ngokuqinisa ubudlelwane bengingqi, okuya kwandisa ukhuphiswano lwabavelisi be-tinplate basekhaya. Iirhafu zikaTrump ziya kutyhala i-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia ngokungathandekiyo kufutshane ne-China.

Iimpembelelo kuQoqosho kunye noPhambuka kuRhwebo

Imfazwe yorhwebo ikhokelele kwiimpembelelo zorhwebelwano, kunye namazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia axhamlayo ekwandeni kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle ukuya e-US nase-China ukuvala izikhewu ezishiywe lurhwebo oluncitshisiweyo lwamazwe amabini.

I-Vietnam ngoyena mxhamli mkhulu, ngokunyuka kwe-15% ekuthunyelweni kwe-US ngo-2024, yi-bcz yeeshifti zemveliso Indlela iMfazwe yoRhwebo yase-US-China eyachaphazela ngayo iHlabathi liphela. IMalaysia kunye neThailand nazo zibone inzuzo, ngokunyuka kwe-semiconductor kunye nokuthunyelwa kweemoto kumazwe angaphandle.

Nangona kunjalo, i-IMF yalumkisa nge-0.5% ye-GDP contraction kwiimarike ezikhulayo ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwezorhwebo, ebonisa ubuthathaka be-Southeast Asia yase-US - i-China ekhulayo imfazwe yorhwebo; impembelelo kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia.

Impembelelo eneenkcukacha kuShishino lweTinplate

Idatha ethile kurhwebo lwe-tinplate kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia ilinganiselwe, iindlela eziqhelekileyo zibonisa ukwanda kwemveliso kunye norhwebo.

Imfazwe yorhwebo phakathi kwe-China ne-USA inokufudusa ukwenziwa kwe-tinplate kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asiya, ifumana iindleko ezisezantsi kunye nokusondela kwezinye iimarike.

Umzekelo, iinkampani zepaneli zelanga zaseTshayina ezinefektri kwingingqi zinako ukwandisa izicwangciso ezifanayo ukuze i-tinplate. Nangona kunjalo, abavelisi basekhaya banokujongana nokhuphiswano oluvela kwamanye amazwe aseTshayina kunye neerhafu zase-US, ezikhokelela kwimeko enzima.

 

Iimpendulo zeNgingqi kunye neNkalo yekamva

Izizwe zase-Southeast Asia ziphendula ngokuqinisa intsebenziswano yangaphakathi-yengingqi, njengoko kubonwa kwiinzame ze-ASEAN zokuphucula izivumelwano zorhwebo zase-US - i-China iya kusabela kwimfazwe yorhwebo kwaye iya kuba nefuthe kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia.

Utyelelo lukaMongameli waseTshayina eVietnam, eMalaysia, naseKhambodiya ngo-Epreli ka-2025 lujolise ekomelezeni amaqhina engingqi, okunokwandisa urhwebo lwe-tinplate ye-Xi's Undwendwelo oluBalaseleyo kuMazantsi-mpuma e-Asiya kwiMfazwe yoRhwebo yase-US-China. Nangona kunjalo, ikamva lalo mmandla lixhomekeke ekujongeni iirhafu zase-US kunye nokugcina uzinzo lwezoqoqosho phakathi kokungaqiniseki kwehlabathi.

Ilizwe	Amathuba	Imingeni
Viyethnam	Ukwanda kwemveliso, ukukhula kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe	Iirhafu ezinokwenzeka zase-US, ukhuphiswano
Maleyishiya	Ukunyuka kwe-Semiconductor kwamanye amazwe, ukuhlukahluka	Amaxabiso ase-US, iimpahla zaseTshayina ezikhukulayo
Thayilendi	Ukutshintsha kwemveliso, urhwebo lwengingqi	Umngcipheko weerhafu zase-US, uxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho
Khambodiya	I-hub yemveliso ekhulayo	Amaxabiso aphezulu ase-US (umzekelo, ilanga, 3,521%)