Impembelelo kuRhwebo lwe-Tinplate lwaMazwe ngaMazwe oluvela kwiMfazwe yoRhwebo lweRhafu phakathi kwe-USA ne-China

▶ Ukusukela ngo-2018 kwaye isiya iqina ngo-Epreli 26, 2025, iMfazwe yoRhwebo lweeRhafu phakathi kwe-USA neTshayina ibe nefuthe elikhulu kurhwebo lwehlabathi, ngakumbi kwishishini leepleyiti zesinyithi.

▶ Njengephepha lesinyithi eligqunywe ngetini elisetyenziselwa ikakhulu iitini, iTinplate ibanjwe kukudubulana kweerhafu kunye namanyathelo okuziphindezela.

▶ Apha sithetha ngempembelelo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwe-tinplate, kwaye siza kugxila kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, ngokusekelwe kuphuhliso lwakutshanje lwezoqoqosho kunye nedatha yorhwebo.

Imvelaphi kwiMfazwe yoRhwebo

Imfazwe yorhwebo yaqalwa yi-US ibeka irhafu kwiimpahla zaseTshayina, ithetha ngezenzo zorhwebo ezingafanelekanga kunye nobusela bempahla yengqondo.

Ngowama-2025, ulawulo lukaMongameli uDonald Trump lwanyusa irhafu, lwafikelela kwi-145% yamaxabiso kwiimpahla zaseTshayina.

I-China yaziphindezela ngerhafu kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa yi-USA, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni kakhulu urhwebo phakathi kwazo, kwaye ibangela i-3% yorhwebo lwehlabathi i-US - i-China inyusa imfazwe yorhwebo;

Oku kunyuka kwentengo kuphazamise uthungelwano lweenkonzo kwihlabathi liphela, nto leyo echaphazela amashishini afana ne-tinplate.

Iirhafu zase-USA kwiTinplate yaseTshayina

Sijongene nokupakisha, ngoko ke sigxile kwi-tinplate, iSebe lezoRhwebo lase-US libeke irhafu yokuqala yokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma kwiimveliso ze-tin mill ezivela eTshayina, kunye nezinga eliphezulu eliyi-122.5% kwiimveliso ezingeniswa ngaphandle, kuquka nomvelisi omkhulu uBaoshan Iron and Steel US ukuze kubekwe irhafu kwi-tin mill mill yentsimbi evela eKhanada, eTshayina, eJamani.

Oku kuqale ukusebenza ukususela ngo-Agasti 2023, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqhubeke ukuya kuthi ga ngo-2025. Sikholelwa ukuba i-tinplate yaseTshayina ayisekho khuphiswano kangako kwimarike yase-US, nto leyo ebangela ukuba abathengi bafune ezinye iindlela kwaye baphazamise ukuhamba korhwebo lwendabuko.

Impendulo Yokuziphindezela yaseTshayina

Impendulo yeTshayina yayiquka ukonyusa amaxabiso kwiimpahla zaseMelika, izinga elifikelela kwi-125% ngo-Epreli 2025, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuphele amanyathelo okubuyisela irhafu kwimpahla.

I-China inyuse irhafu ye-125% kwiimpahla zase-US kunyuko lwamva nje lorhwebo phakathi kwe-US ne-China.

Oku kuziphindezela kuye kwabangela ukuba urhwebo phakathi kwabo lube nzima ngakumbi, kunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla e-US e-China kwaye kuya kuchaphazela urhwebo lwehlabathi, kwaye zombini i-China ne-United States kuya kufuneka zilungelelanise iindleko eziphezulu kwaye zifune amaqabane amatsha avela kwezinye iindawo nakwamanye amazwe.

Impembelelo kuRhwebo lweTinplate lwaMazwe ngaMazwe

Imfazwe yorhwebo ikhokelele ekuhlengahlengisweni kokuhamba korhwebo lwe-tinplate.

Njengoko ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eTshayina eMelika kuthintelwe, eminye imimandla, kuquka uMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, ibone amathuba okutshintsha.

Imfazwe yorhwebo ikwakhuthaze abavelisi behlabathi ukuba bahluka-hlukeneyo kwiindlela zokubonelela: Amazwe afana neVietnam neMalaysia aza kutsala utyalo-mali kwimveliso, kwaye sigxile kwimveliso ye-tinplate.

Ngoba? xa iindleko ziphezulu, ukuthunyelwa okanye ukufuduka kweedolophu ezinkulu kuya kulungiselela iziseko zemveliso yazo kwindawo entsha, kwaye umzantsi-mpuma we-Asia uya kuba lukhetho olufanelekileyo, apho iindleko zabasebenzi ziphantsi, iimoto ezilula, kunye neendleko zorhwebo eziphantsi.

Umzantsi-mpuma we-Asia: Amathuba kunye nemingeni

Umzantsi-mpuma we-Asia uthathwa njengommandla obalulekileyo kurhwebo lwe-tinplate.

Amazwe afana neVietnam, iMalaysia, neThailand azuze kwimfazwe yorhwebo.

Njengoko abavelisi betshintsha baze baphinde bafumane iindawo zezityalo ukuze baphephe irhafu yaseMelika kwiimpahla zaseTshayina.

Umzekelo, iVietnam ibone ukwanda kwemveliso, kunye neenkampani zobuchwepheshe ezithutha imisebenzi apho, eziza kuba nefuthe kumashishini anxulumene ne-tinplate.

Ukuveliswa kwemveliso eVietnam kubanjwe yimfazwe yorhwebo phakathi kwe-US ne-China. IMalaysia ikwabone ukukhula kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-semiconductor, okunokuxhasa ngokungathanga ngqo imfuno ye-tinplate yokupakisha imfazwe yorhwebo phakathi kwe-China ne-United States.
Nangona kunjalo, imingeni isahamba nayo.

I-US ibeke irhafu kwiimpahla ezahlukeneyo zaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia, ezifana neephaneli zelanga, kunye namaxabiso afikelela kwi-3,521% kwiimpahla ezivela eCambodia, eThailand, eMalaysia, naseVietnam I-US Ibeka iRhafu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3,521% kwiimveliso zelanga zaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia. xa kufikwa kwilanga, le ndlela ibonisa ukuba kukho imeko ebanzi yokukhusela enokufikelela kwi-tinplate ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-US kuyanda. Kwelinye icala, i-Southeast Asia ijongene nomngcipheko wokuzaliswa ziimpahla zaseTshayina, njengoko i-China ifuna ukuhlawula ilahleko yemarike yase-US ngokuqinisa ubudlelwane bengingqi, nto leyo eya kwandisa ukhuphiswano lwabavelisi be-tinplate basekuhlaleni. Iirhafu zikaTrump ziya kutyhalela i-Southeast Asia kufutshane neTshayina ngokungakhululekanga.

Iimpembelelo zezoqoqosho kunye nokuphambuka kwezorhwebo

Imfazwe yorhwebo ikhokelele kwimiphumo yokutshintsha urhwebo, apho amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia exhamla kukwanda kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-US nase-China ukuvala izikhewu ezishiywe kukuncipha korhwebo lwamazwe amabini.

IVietnam yeyona ixhamle kakhulu, ngokonyuka kwe-15% yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eMelika ngo-2024, kungenxa yotshintsho lokuvelisa Indlela iMfazwe yoRhwebo phakathi kwe-US neTshayina echaphazele ngayo lonke ihlabathi. IMalaysia neThailand nazo zibone inkqubela phambili, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwee-semiconductor kunye neemoto kusanda.

Nangona kunjalo, i-IMF ilumkisile ngokuhla kwe-GDP nge-0.5% kwiimarike ezisakhulayo ngenxa yokuphazamiseka korhwebo, nto leyo egxininisa ubuthathaka bemfazwe yorhwebo yaseMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia phakathi kwe-US ne-China; impembelelo yayo kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia.

Impembelelo eneenkcukacha kwiShishini leTinplate

Idatha ethile malunga norhwebo lwe-tinplate kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia ilinganiselwe, iindlela eziqhelekileyo zibonisa ukwanda kwemveliso kunye norhwebo.

Imfazwe yorhwebo phakathi kweTshayina ne-USA isenokufudusela imveliso ye-tinplate eMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, nto leyo enokubangela iindleko eziphantsi kunye nokuba kufutshane nezinye iimarike.

Umzekelo, iinkampani zephaneli zelanga zaseTshayina ezineefektri kulo mmandla zinokusebenzisa amaqhinga afanayo ukwenza i-tinplate. I-US ibeka amaxabiso angakumbi kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, njengoko iiphaneli zelanga zifumana irhafu yokuthintela ukulahla inkunkuma ephezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3,521%. Nangona kunjalo, abavelisi basekuhlaleni banokujamelana nokhuphiswano oluvela kwiimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe zaseTshayina kunye neerhafu zase-US, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimeko-bume enzima.

 

Iimpendulo zeNgingqi kunye neMbono yexesha elizayo

Amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma Asia asabela ngokuqinisa intsebenziswano phakathi kwengingqi, njengoko kubonwa kwimizamo ye-ASEAN yokuphucula izivumelwano zorhwebo. I-US-China iya kusabela kwimfazwe yorhwebo kwaye iya kuba nefuthe kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia.

Utyelelo lukaMongameli waseTshayina eVietnam, eMalaysia, naseCambodia ngo-Epreli 2025 lwalujolise ekuqiniseni ubudlelwane bengingqi, nto leyo enokwandisa urhwebo lwe-tinplate Utyelelo lukaXi lubalaselisa ingxaki yoMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia kwiMfazwe yoRhwebo phakathi kwe-US ne-China. Nangona kunjalo, ikamva lommandla lixhomekeke ekulawuleni irhafu yase-US kunye nokugcina uzinzo kwezoqoqosho phakathi kokungaqiniseki kwehlabathi.

Ilizwe	Amathuba	Imingeni
Viyethnam	Ukwanda kwemveliso, ukukhula kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe	Iirhafu ezinokubakho zase-US, ukhuphiswano
Maleyishiya	Ukunyuka kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwee-semiconductor, ukwahlukahlukana	Iirhafu zase-US, iimpahla zaseTshayina ziyakhukhula
Thayilendi	Utshintsho kwimveliso, urhwebo lwengingqi	Umngcipheko weerhafu zaseMelika, uxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho
Khambodiya	Iziko lemveliso elikhulayo	Amaxabiso aphezulu e-US (umz., amandla elanga, 3,521%)